Choosing Between a Limited Company and Umbrella Company
Choosing Between a Limited Company and Umbrella Company in the UK
Let’s face it, contracting can be hard work. You need to find clients, complete projects, keep on top of the financial side of things and make sure your admin is in order. You also need to decide on a way to approach contracting, and for most contractors it comes down to setting up a limited company vs joining an umbrella company. There are pros and cons of each, and they both work well in their own way. However, you’re bound to find one suits your way of working and future contracting plans better than the other.
At Go Limited, we’re here to help you choose between a limited company and umbrella company in the UK. Before, we’ve weighed up the pros and cons of each.
What’s a Limited Company for Contractors?

As a contractor, you have the option to set up a limited company, and then offer your services through that company. As a limited company is legally separate from the person running it, you become both the director and a shareholder, rather than working as a sole trader or employee. This means you have control over how the business operates, you can take profits through a mix of salary and dividends, and operate in a tax-efficient way. If you’re a contractor working outside IR35, if you have lots of contracts or if you’re planning to contract on a long-term basis.
Things to Remember About Setting Up a Limited Company for Contracting
- When you set up a limited company, you’re the director. This means you’re in charge of business decisions.
- You invoice clients in your business’ name, not from you as an individual.
- You are responsible for a range of legal obligations, including filing annual accounts, corporation tax and VAT returns
- As a limited company contractor, you can pay yourself via a combination of salary and dividends, which are taxed at a lower rate.
What Does an Umbrella Company Do?
Another way to approach contracting is by joining an umbrella company, which acts as your employer. You become a PAYE employee of the umbrella company, and it handles all of your invoicing, tax deductions and payments for you. Instead of handling everything yourself as a sole trader, freelancer or limited company contractor, the umbrella company invoices the client on your behalf and once they receive payment, they deduct tax, National Insurance (NICs) and their fee. You’re then paid the remaining amount, knowing that everything that’s been dedicated has been.
Things to Remember About Using an Umbrella Company for Contracting
- You’re paid through PAYE, with income tax and NIC automatically deducted, in the same way as employees.
- The umbrella company handles all of the paperwork, invoicing and tax aspects of contracting, so you don’t have to.
- There are fees to pay an umbrella company for their services, which need to be factored into your budget.
Limited Company vs. Umbrella Company: The Big Difference
There’s a few key differences between how a limited company and umbrella company operate, but the biggest is centred around your finances. Whether you’re working through a limited company and using an umbrella company the financial control and responsibility differs, as does how your income is taxed. This means that one tends to be more tax-efficient than the other.
When you set up a limited company for contracting, you have complete control over how the business operates and how you manage your finances. You invoice clients directly, choose when and how to pay yourself, and handle the business’ accounting and tax returns, and legal obligations. But, though a limited company approach to contracting offers more flexibility and potential tax savings, it also means you’re responsible for HMRC compliance.
Working through an umbrella company is different, as it’s more like being an employee, rather than a self-employed contractor. You’re employed by the umbrella company, which means they take care of the administrative side of things, such as invoicing, tax deductions and compliance.
However, because all your income is taxed at the source and you don’t benefit from dividends or broader expense claims, your overall take-home pay tends to be lower.
The Pros and Cons of Each
There are pros and cons to both limited companies and umbrella companies, and choosing the right approach to contracting for you depends on which pros stand out as being the most important.
The Pros of Setting Up a Limited Company
- Higher take-home because you can take advantage of dividend tax treatment.
- Allowable business expenses can be claimed, reducing your taxable income.
- You have full control over your finances and contracts.
- It can be more tax efficient for high earners and long-term contractors.
The Cons of Setting Up a Limited Company
- There’s more administrative burden, including annual accounts, tax returns and Companies House filings.
- You need to be aware of and comply with IR35 legislation.
- There are additional costs if you need accountants, insurance and legal advice.
- You don’t get any employment benefits, such as sick pay or annual leave.
The Pros of Using an Umbrella Company
- Very little admin: no accounts, as the umbrella company handles it all.
- Quick to set up and organise.
- IR35 worries removed, as everything is taxed as PAYE.
- Great for short-term or one-off contracts.
The Cons of Using an Umbrella Company
- Lower take-home pay as deductions are made via PAYE on all of your earnings.
- You’re limited to what expenses you can claim.
- You pay a fee to the umbrella company for their services.
- You have less flexibility and control over your earnings.
Limited Company or Umbrella Company for Contracting: Which is Right for You?
There’s not a one-size-fits-all answer to this question; it depends on your circumstances, career goals and the type of contracts you have. If you’re just starting out as a contractor for the first time, working with an umbrella company might be the easiest route. But, if you’re earning a decent wage contracting and you’re working outside IR35, a limited company will likely offer better take-home pay. This is why it’s important to weigh up the pros and cons of each, and compare them with your working arrangements in mind.
Another thing to consider is the length of your contractors, and how long you plan to contract for. If your contracts are short-term and inside IR35, working with an umbrella might be more practical. But, if you want to build a long-term contracting business, a limited company gives you full control and flexibility. You need to balance the possible financial gains and administrative effort required, and then decide what makes sense for you.
Things to Think About When You’re Choosing Between a Limited Company and Umbrella Company
Before you jump into deciding between a limited company and umbrella company, there are a few key things to think about.
- IR35 Status - One of the biggest things to consider is your IR35 status. If your contract is inside IR35, the benefits of a limited company are reduced, and so you might decide the additional administrative responsibilities aren’t worth it. If it’s outside IR35, you can gain financially through dividends and expense claims, which makes the extra work worthwhile.
- Your Admin Skills - Contractors tend to fall into two camps, those who don’t mind a bit or admin here and there, and those who will do anything to avoid it. If you’re willing to keep business records, submit tax returns or hire an accountant, you probably won’t mind the administrative side of setting up a limited company. But, if you'd rather keep that off your plate and have someone else handle everything, an umbrella company might be best.
- Future Professional Plans - You need to think about where you see yourself in one, five or 10 years time. Will you be contracting full-time for the foreseeable future, or is it a temporary step between roles? If you only plan to contract for a short amount of time, the effort required to set up and manage a limited company might be wasted. But, if you’re wanting to build a strong contracting business that grows over the years, a limited company sets you up for success.
At Go Limited, we know that choosing between a limited company and umbrella company in the UK can be daunting, but help is always available. Though both have pros and cons, you’re likely to find that one contracting model stands out as being the obvious choice for you. Think about the type of contracts you have, how long you plan to contract for and how happy you are with additional admin. For most contractors, setting up a limited company comes out on top.
FAQ'S
What’s the difference between a limited company and an umbrella company?
A limited company is a business structure you own and operate, giving you more control over your finances, tax planning, and how you work. An umbrella company, on the other hand, employs you and handles your tax and admin for a fee—often used for inside IR35 contracts or short-term engagements.
Which is better for IR35: umbrella or limited company?
If you're inside IR35, working through a limited company may not be tax-efficient because you must pay similar taxes to employees. In this case, an umbrella company might be more straightforward. If you're outside IR35, using a limited company can offer better tax planning and higher take-home pay.
What’s the difference in take-home pay: umbrella vs limited company?
Generally, working through a limited company (especially if you're outside IR35) results in higher take-home pay due to dividends and corporation tax advantages. An umbrella company deducts PAYE tax and National Insurance, so your net pay is lower, but it offers convenience and simplicity.
Is there a calculator to compare umbrella and limited company pay?
Yes, you can use a take-home pay calculator or a limited vs umbrella calculator to see the difference based on your contract rate. These tools help you estimate net income after tax, expenses, and umbrella fees. Search for “limited company vs umbrella calculator UK” to find accurate tools.
Does the choice between umbrella and limited company differ in the UK?
Yes. In the UK, tax laws—particularly IR35 legislation—have a big impact on your decision. Many public sector and private sector roles now fall inside IR35, making umbrella companies more common. However, if you’re working outside IR35, a limited company may still be more profitable.
Do umbrella companies rip you off?
Not necessarily. Umbrella companies charge a fee for handling your taxes and admin, and reputable ones are transparent about costs. However, your take-home pay is lower compared to a limited company, so it’s important to choose a compliant umbrella and review their margin and deductions.
Can I compare inside IR35 vs outside IR35 earnings?
Yes. Use a “limited umbrella inside IR35 vs outside IR35” calculator to understand how much more you could take home when outside IR35. These tools consider factors like corporation tax, dividend tax, and umbrella fees.
Can I be forced to use an umbrella company?
Some clients or recruitment agencies insist on umbrella-only contracts, especially for inside IR35 roles. While you can’t technically be “forced,” your ability to operate through a limited company may be restricted by the terms of the role.
Is it better to be a sole trader, limited company, or umbrella company?
It depends on your work setup:
- Sole trader – Simple but less tax-efficient, limited liability protection.
- Limited company – Best for higher earnings and outside IR35 roles.
- Umbrella company – Great for inside IR35 contracts or short-term work with minimal admin.
Important:
Please note: Any rates and thresholds mentioned in this article are correct at the time of publishing and may be subject to change.
When choosing an accountant, look for one with proven experience and expertise in the contracting sector, particularly around areas like IR35, limited company tax matters and off-payroll working. Formal qualifications are important, but relevant hands-on knowledge matters just as much — especially in a complex and fast-changing landscape like this.
